There are two types of earthing in a transformer: body earthing and neutral earthing.
1. Body Earthing:
This type of earthing is done to provide protection against electric shocks due to accidental contact with the transformer's metal enclosure or tank. The transformer's tank or enclosure is connected to the earth rod or plate with two separate earthing materials, typically copper or GI (Galvanized Iron). This type of earthing ensures that any fault current flows to the earth instead of through a person's body or other conducting object that comes in contact with the transformer's body.
2. Neutral Earthing:
This type of earthing is done to protect the transformer's insulation and to limit the voltage rise in the event of a fault. In neutral earthing, the transformer's neutral point is connected to the earth with two separate earthing materials, usually made of copper. The neutral earthing provides a low-impedance path to the ground, limiting the voltage rise due to earth faults and preventing damage to the transformer's insulation.
It is essential to have proper earthing in a transformer to ensure the safety of people and equipment. Earthing helps to dissipate the fault current safely to the ground, limiting the voltage rise, and preventing damage to the transformer and connected equipment.
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