In a single-phase induction motor used in ceiling fans, the capacitor is used to provide a starting torque to the motor. The capacitor is connected in series with the auxiliary winding of the motor. When the motor is switched on, the capacitor provides a phase shift between the current in the main winding and the auxiliary winding.
The phase shift between the two windings creates a rotating magnetic field, which produces a starting torque that causes the motor to start rotating. Once the motor is running, the capacitor is no longer needed, and it is disconnected from the circuit.
Without the capacitor, the motor would not be able to start on its own because it lacks the necessary starting torque. Thus, the use of a capacitor in a ceiling fan is essential for its proper operation.
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